case study 3 did rizal retract pdf

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Preview text, case study 3:, did rizal retract, jose rizal is identified as a hero of the revolution for his writings that center on ending, colonialism and liberating filipino minds to contribute to creating the filipino nation. the, great volume of rizal's lifework was committed to this end, particularly the more influential, ones, noli me tangere and el filibusterismo. his essays vilify not the catholic religion, but, the friars, the main agents of injustice in the philippines society., it is understandable, therefore, that any piece of writing from rizal that recants everything, he wrote against the friars and the catholic church in the philippines could deal heavy, damage to his image as a prominent filipino revolutionary. such document purpotedly, exists, allegedly signed by rizal a few hours before his execution. this document, referred, to as "the retraction," declares rizal's belief in the catholic faith, and retracts everything he, wrote ageinst the church., rizal's, source: translated from the document found by fr. manuel garcia, c. on 18 may 1935, i declare myself a catholic and in this religion in which i was born and, educated i wish to live and die., i retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and, conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the catholic church. i, believe and i confess whatever she teaches and i submit to whatever she, demands. i abominate masonry, as the enemy which is of the church, and as, a society prohibited by the church. the diocesan prelate may, as the, superior ecclesiastical authority, make public this spontaneous, manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my acts may, have caused and so that god and people may pardon me., manila 29of december of 1896, primary source:, account of the, last hours of.

Source: Michael Charleston Chua " Retraction ni Jose Rizal: Mga Bagong Dokumento at Pananaw," GMA News Online, published 29 December2016.

####### Most Illustrious sir, the agent of cuerpo de Vigilancia stationed in Fort

####### Santiago to report on the events during the [ illegible] day in prison of the

####### accused Jose Rizal, informs me on this date of the following:

####### At 7:50 yesterday morning, Jose Rizal entered death row accompanied by

####### his counsel, señor Taviel de Andrade, and the Jesuit priest Vilaclara. At the

####### urgings of the former and moments after entering, he was served a light

####### breakfast. At approximately 9,the assistant of the Plaza, Señor Maure, asked

####### Rizal if he wanted anything. He replied that at the moment he only wanted a

####### prayer book, which was brought to him shortly by Father March.

####### Señor Andrade left death row at 10 and Rizal spoke for a long while with the

####### Jesuit fathers, March and Vilaclara, regarding religious matters, it seems. It

####### appears that these two presented him with a prepared retraction on his life

####### and deeds that he refused to sign. They argued about the matter until 12:

####### when Rizal ate some poached egg and a little chicken. Afterwards he asked

####### to leave to write and wrote for a long time by himself.

####### At 3 in the afternoon , Father March entered the chapel and Rizal handed

####### him what he had written. Immediately the chief of the firing squad, Señor del

####### Fresno and the Assistant of the Plaza, Señor Maure, were informed. They

####### entered death row and together with Rizal signed the document that the

####### accused had written.

####### The retraction of Rizal remains to this day, a controversy; many scholars, however, agree that the

####### document does not tarnish the heroism of Rizal. His relevance remained solidified to Filipinos and

####### pushed them to continue the revolution, which eventually resulted in independence in 1898.

####### Rizal’s Connection to the Katipunan is undeniable – in fact, the precursor

####### of the Katipunan as an organization is the La Liga Filipina, an organization

####### Rizal founded, with Andres Bonifacio as one of its members. But La Liga

####### Filipina was short lived as the Spaniards exiled Rizal to Dapitan. Former

####### members decided to band together to establish the Katipunan a few days

####### after Rizal’s exile on 7 July 1892

####### Rizal may not have been officially part of the Katipunan, but the Katipuneros

####### showed great appreciation of his work toward the same goals. Out of the 28

####### members of the leadership of the Katipunan ( known as the Kataas-taasang

####### Sanggunian ng katipunan ) from 1892 to 1896, 13 were former members of

####### La Liga Filipina, Katipuneros even used Rizal’s name as a password.

In 1896, the Katipuneros decided to inform Rizal of their plans to launch the revolution and sent Pio Valenzuela to visit Rizal in Dapitan. Valenzuela’s accounts of his meeting with rizal have been greatly doubted by many scholars, but according to him, Rizal objected to the plans, saying that doing so would be tantamount to suicide since it would be difficult to fight the Spaniards who had the advantage of military resources. He added that the leaders of the Katipunan must do everything they could prevent the spilling of Filipino blood. Valenzuela informed Rizal that the revolution could inevitably break out if the Katipunan were to discovered by the Spaniards. Rizal advised Valenzuela that the Katipunan should first secure the support of wealthy Filipinos to strengthen their cause, and suggested that Antonio Luna be recruited to direct the military movement of the revolution.

The controversy regarding this event stems from the identification of the date

And place where tha cry happened. prominent filipino historian teodoro agoncillo, emphasizes the event when bonifacio tore the cedula or tax receipt before the, katipuneros who also did the same. some writers identified the first military event, with the spaniards as the moment of the cry, for which, emelio aginaldo, commissioned an "himno de balintawak" to inspire the renewed struggle after the, pact of the biak-na-bato failed. a monument to the heroes of 1896 was erected in, what is now the intersection of epifanio de los santos (edsa) avenue and andres, binifacio drive-north diversion road, and from then on until 1962, the cry of, balintawak was celebrated every 26th of august. the site of the monument was, chosen for an unknown reason., different dates, and places of, various accounts of the cry give different dates and places. a, guardia civil, lt. oligario diaz, identified the cry to have, happened in balintawak on 25 august 1896. teodoro kalaw,, filipino historian, marks the place to be in kangkong, balintawak,, on the last week of august 1896. santiago alvarez, a katipunero, and son of mariano alvarez, leader of the magdiwang faction in, cavite, put the cry in bahay toro in quezon city on 24 august, 1896. pio valenzuela, known katipunero and privy to many events, concerning the katipunan stated that the cry happened in pugad, lawin on 23 august 1896. historian gregorio zaide identified the, cry to have happened in balintawak on 26 august 1896, while, teodoro agoncillo put it at pugad lawin on 23 august 1896,, according to statements by pio valenzuela. research by historians, milagros guerrero, emmanuel encarnanacion, and ramon, villegas claimed that the event took place in tandang sora's barn, in gulod baranggay banlat, quezon city, on 24 august 1896., primary source:, accounts of the.

####### At about nine o'clock in the morning of August 26, the meeting was opened

####### with Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary. The

####### purpose was to discuss when the uprising was to take place. Teodoro Plata,

####### Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela were all opposed to starting the

####### revolution too early... Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose in the

####### discussion then, left the session hall and talked to the people, who were

####### waiting outside for the result of the meeting of the leaders. He told the

####### people that the leaders were arguing against starting the revolution early, and

####### appealed to them in a fiery speech in which he said: "You remember the fate

####### of our countrymen who were shot in Bagumbayan. Should we return now to

####### the towns, Spaniars will only shoot us. Our organization has been discovered

####### and we are all marked men. If we don't start the uprising, the Spaniards will

####### get us anyway. What then, do you say?“

####### “Revolt!” the people shouted as one.

Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge that they were to revolt. He told them that the sign of slavery of the Filipinos were (sic) the cedula tax charged each citizen. “If it is true that you are ready to revolt... I want to see you destroy your cedulas. It will be a sign that all of us have declared our severance from the Spaniards. Pio Valenzuela Source: Pio Valenzuela, “Cry of Pugad Lawin,” in Gregorio Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Volume 8 ( Manila: National Bookstore, 1990 ), 301- 302

From the eyewitness accounts presented, there is indeed marked disagreement among

Historical witnesses as to the place and time of the occurrence of the cry. using primary and, secondary sources, four places have been identified: kangkong, pugad lawin, and bahay, toro, while the dates vary: 23, 24, 25, or 26 august 1896., valenzuela’s account should be read with caution: he once told a spanish investigator, that the “cry” happened in balintawak on wednesday, 26 august 1896. much later, he wrote, in his memoirs of the revolution that it happened at pugad lawin on 23 august 1896. such, inconsistencies in accounts should always be seen as a red flag when dealing with primary, according to guerrero, encarnacion, and villegas, all these places are in balintawak,, then part of caloocan, now, in quezon city. as for the dates, to avoid being located by the, spanish government, which could explain why there are several accounts of the cry..

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